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Politics, resistance
- Władysław Bartoszewski, politician and journalist
- Léon Blum (1872-1950) - French socialist leader and Prime Minister (his brother, René, was killed)
- Trygve Bratteli - "Nacht und Nebel" prisoner, (including at Sachsenhausen concentration camp), later Prime Minister of Norway
- Józef Cyrankiewicz - a Polish communist political figure, premier, and Head of State
- Ludwig Draxler, Austrian politician
- Einar Gerhardsen (1897-1987) - survived Sachsenhausen concentration camp, became Prime Minister of Norway
- Kurt Julius Goldstein - XI International Brigade, Buchenwald resister. writer and author.
- Anna Heilman, conspirator in plot to blow up Auschwitz Crematorium IV, author of Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman
- Zofia Kossak-Szczucka - Polish writer and resistance fighter, a founder of Żegota antifascist underground
- Tom Lantos - Hungarian-born American politician
- Paul Löbe - politician
- Odd Nansen - architect and humanist, founder of Nansenhjelpen and UNICEF
- Martin Nielsen (1900-1962) - member of the Danish parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark. Survived 15 months in Stutthof and 6 weeks of ensuing death march.
- Kurt Schumacher (1895-1952) - former leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
- Ota Šik, Czechoslovak economist and politician
- Simon Srebnik - one of the two survivors of Chelmno
- Corrie ten Boom - Dutch Christian who was arrested with her family and sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp for harboring Jews
- Simone Veil - French politician
- Rudolf Vrba - escaped from Auschwitz with Alfred Wetzler and gave the first detailed report about the workings of the camp.
- Jack Tramiel - entrepreneur who survived to start Commodore Business Machines
- Elie Wiesel - author (particularly of Night) and political activist
- Alfred Wetzler - escaped from Auschwitz with Rudolf Vrba and gave the first detailed report about the workings of the camp.
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